Measurement invariance and discriminant validity of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire across five Spanish‑speaking countries

With samples from Colombia, Peru, Mexico, Chile, and Spain (N=3389), the study confirmed the unidimensional structure of the CFQ and its measurement invariance across countries. The instrument showed excellent internal consistency and discriminant validity regarding emotional symptoms (DASS-21), supporting that cognitive fusion is a distinct construct. Results endorse the use of CFQ in cross-cultural comparisons and its utility for assessing key ACT processes.