The Hierarchical Factor Structure of the Spanish Version of Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21)

Analysis with 4 samples (total N=2,980) supporting a hierarchical factorial structure of the DASS-21: three first-order factors (depression, anxiety, stress) and one second-order factor (emotional symptoms). Initial invariance was found by country and sample; the scale showed good psychometric properties in Spain and Colombia.